These window shortcut keys are specifically used in Windows XP. However I am sure all of these shortcuts work on Windows 2000, Windows 2003 and Windows Vista too.

1. WinKey - This ‘Windows Key’ alone will open Start Menu.
2. WinKey + F1 - Takes you to the Microsoft Windows help and support center directly.
3. WinKey + F3 - It opens the Advanced find window in Microsoft Outlook for you.
4. WinKey + D - Brings the desktop to the top of all other windows.
5. WinKey + M - One key to Minimize all open windows on your desktop.
6. WinKey + Shift + M - To bring back the minimized windows done by WinKey + M and WinKey + D.
7. WinKey + E - This provides you a quick access to Windows Explorer.
8. WinKey + Tab - Allows you to move through the applications in your Taskbar.
9. WinKey + F - Shortcut to the Windows Search/Find feature.
10. WinKey + CTRL + F - Display the search for computers current window.
11. WinKey + R - Shortcut to access the run command.
12. WinKey + Break - Open the system properties dialogue box.
13. WinKey + U - Shortcut to open the Utility Manager.
14. WinKey + L - Lock the computer (Windows XP and above only).

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To improve the hard disk speed, you need to configure a special buffer in the computer’s memory which will enable you to deal with interrupts in a faster and able you to get the results in a timely manner. Check the twik which can work in any kind of IDE SCSI disk.

Follow these easy steps…

* In the Run command, type SYSEDIT.EXE and hit ‘enter key’
* Open the system.ini file [close other files]
* Find a section called [386enh], usually at the end of file
* Type this without quotes ‘Irq14=4096′ after this line as it is
* From File menu select ‘Save’

You’ve done the tweak, now close SYSEDIT and reboot the PC. Now You will see the improvement in speed as soon as your computer gets restarted.

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Most of the forums I find people are searching for easy installation process for vista, this video, show to you the windows vista Install, check it out!

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A little Linux Ad commercial featuring penguins by kroperx.

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 LINUX beginners needing commands which help them  basically to get the exact route, check these networking command which will help you in learning process.

*  /etc/rc.d/init.d/network   start - command to start, restart or stop the network
* netstat - Display connections, routing tables, stats etc
o List externally connected processes: netstat -punta
o List all connected processes: netstat -nap
o Show network statistics: netstat -s
o Kernel interface table info: netstat -a -i eth0
* ping - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts. Use Cntl-C to stop ping.

* host - Give a host name and the command will return IP address, the host command will use both /etc/hosts as well as DNS.
Example: host domain-name-of-server
* traceroute - print the route packets take to network host
o traceroute IP-address-of-server
o traceroute domain-name-of-server
* mtr - a network diagnostic tool introduced in Fedora - Like traceroute except it gives more network quality and network diagnostic info. Leave running to get real time stats. Reports best and worst round trip times in milliseconds.
o mtr IP-address-of-server
o mtr domain-name-of-server
* whois - Lookup a domain name in the internic whois database.
* finger - Display information on a system user. i.e. finger user@host Uses $HOME/.plan and $HOME/.project user files. Often used by game developers.

* iptables - IP firewall administration (Linux kernel 2.6/2.4) .
* ipchains - IP firewall administration (Linux kernel 2.2) .
* socklist - Display list of open sockets, type, port, process id and the name of the process. Kill with fuser or kill.
* nslookup - Give a host name and the command will return IP address Note that nslookup does not use the /etc/hosts file.

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This is the description of file Editing with VI ssh commands in linux operating system.

vi : another editor, tons of features, harder to use at first than pico

vi /home/burst/public_html/index.html : edit the index page for the user’s website.

Whie in the vi program you can use the following useful commands, you will need to hit SHIFT + : to go into command mode

:q! : This force quits the file without saving and exits vi

:w : This writes the file to disk, saves it

:wq : This saves the file to disk and exists vi

:LINENUMBER : EG :25 : Takes you to line 25 within the file

:$ : Takes you to the last line of the file

:0 : Takes you to the first line of the file

grep : looks for patterns in files

grep root /etc/passwd : shows all matches of root in /etc/passwd

grep -v root /etc/passwd : shows all lines that do not match root

ln : create’s “links” between files and directories

ln -s /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd.conf : Now you can edit /etc/httpd.conf rather than the original. changes will affect the orginal, however you can delete the link and it will not delete the original.

last : shows who logged in and when

last -20 : shows only the last 20 logins

last -20 -a : shows last 20 logins, with the hostname in the last field

w : shows who is currently logged in and where they are logged in from.

who : This also shows who is on the server in an shell.

netstat : shows all current network connections.

netstat -an : shows all connections to the server, the source and destination ips and ports.

netstat -rn : shows routing table for all ips bound to the server.

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Zend Optimizer is a free apps that runs the files encoded by the Zend Guard, while enhancing the performance of PHP applications.

How to install Zend Optimizer

If you’re in cPanel control panel, cPanel has an easy install process. You simply have to run:

/scripts/installzendopt

as root and fallow the install instructions. It’s as simple as clicking Next a few times.
After the install you can check to see if things are ok by running:

php -v

This should print something like:

with Zend Optimizer v3.2.2, Copyright (c) 1998-2006, by Zend Technologies

If for some reason cPanel installs an old version, you have to edit /scripts/installzendopt (simply run “pico /scripts/installzendopt”) and edit “my %urls =” with the latest urls.

my %urls = (
‘Linux’ => ‘http://downloads.zend.com/optimizer/’ . $ver . ‘/ZendOptimizer-’ . $ver . ‘-linux-glibc21-i386.tar.gz,
‘Linux64′ => ‘http://downloads.zend.com/optimizer/’ . $ver . ‘/ZendOptimizer-’ . $ver . ‘-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz,
‘FreeBSD 6.x’ => ‘http://downloads.zend.com/optimizer/’ . $ver . ‘/ZendOptimizer-’ . $ver . ‘-freebsd6.0-i386.tar.gz,
‘FreeBSD 6.x AMD64′ => ‘http://downloads.zend.com/optimizer/3.2.0/ZendOptimizer-3.2.0-freebsd6.0-amd64.tar.gz’,
‘FreeBSD 5.x’ => ‘http://downloads.zend.com/optimizer/’ . $ver . ‘/ZendOptimizer-’ . $ver . ‘-freebsd5.4-i386.tar.gz,
‘FreeBSD 4.x’ => ‘http://downloads.zend.com/optimizer/2.6.0/ZendOptimizer-2.6.0-freebsd4.3-i386.tar.gz’
);

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 Here is the process to backup your wordpress blog using phpMyAdmin:

1. Log into phpMyAdmin on your server

2. From the main login screen, select ‘Databases’

3. Now click the name of your database - or your WordPress database if you have several databases.

4. The next screen will show you all the tables inside your WordPress database.
Ignore those, and click the ‘Export’ tab on the top set of tabs.

5. Look at the left box at the top of the Export section. All the tables in the database you selected are in that box.

* If you’re using other program, then choose only those tables that correspond to your wordpress install. They will be the ones with that start with “wp_” or whatever ‘table_prefix’ you specified in your ‘wp-config.php’ file.
* If you only have your WordPress blog installed, in the left column, click ‘Select All’.
6. Ensure that the SQL button is selected too. (Image#5)
* The SQL section
* Tick the following boxes: Structure, ‘Add DROP TABLE’, ‘Add AUTO_INCREMENT’ and ‘Enclose table and field names with backquotes’
7. The DATA section

* Leave the boxes inside this section un ticked, but make sure to keep the checkbox next to the “DATA” heading checked.
8. Tick the ‘Save as file’ option, and leave the template name alone.
For now, select ‘None’ for compression.
9. Now click ‘Go’ and you should be prompted for a file to download. Save the file to your computer. (Image#6)
Depending on the database size, this may take a few moments.
10. Once that download is complete, check the ‘zipped’ option, click ‘Go’, and download the next file.
You can also download a backup in each of the compression formats. Your choice.
11.  Now you’ve finished up the  back up process  of your database.

Point to remember: Even you’ve not back up your image, all your posts and comments with specific date are now safe.

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Here you can find the basic of vi editing, you will find quite helpful;

Editing commands

Moving around the file:

h — cursor left

i — cursor right

k — cursor up

j — cursor down

^ & B — Beginning of line

$ — end of line

) — Next sentence

( — Previous sentence

} — Next Paragraph

{ — Previous Paragraph

:$ — end of file

w — one character forward

W — one word forward

:20 — go to Line no 20 or whatever number you give

Displaying file info:

^g — give name of the file, current line and total lines of a file at the bottom.

Inserting and appending text :

i — inserts text to the left of cursor

I — inserts in the beginning of line

a — appends text to right of cursor

A — appends to the end of line

Adding new line:

o — add a new line below the current line

O — adds a new line above the current line.

Deleting the text:

x — deletes text above the cursor

X — deletes text character on the right of cursor

20dd — deletes 20

dd — deletes current line

D — delete till end of current line.

d# — delete to where the # (j,k,l,h) specifies.

d/ — delete till pattern is found (forward).

d? — delete till pattern is found (backward).

d’ — delete till mark ‘char’.

Replacing a character & word:

r — replace the character above the cursor.

R — replces characters until Esc is pressed.

cw — replaces the word from cursor to the end indicated by $ sign.

C — replaces till end of line.

Substitute:

s — subistutes current charcater.

S — substitutes entire line.

Repeating last command:

. — repeats the last text.

Undo the last change:

u — undo last change.
U — undo changes to the current line.

Copy and pasting lines:

yy — copies the current line into buffer.
5yy — copies 5 lines from the current line.
p — pastes the current buffer.

Recovering an unsaved vi file:

vi -r — restores a unsaved / crashed file from buffer.

Searching:

:/name — & return searches for the word name in the file

n — continues search forward.

N — searches backwards.

Substitution:

:s///g

Saving:

:w — saves the text does not quit.

:wq — saves & quit the editor.

ZZ — save & quit the editor.

:q! — Quit without saving.

Miscellaneous:

m — mark this location and name it char.

‘ — (quote character) return to “line” named char.

` — (back-quote character) return to “place” named char.

‘’ or “ — (quote quote) return from last movement.

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These are the few commands which you can use in windows run i.e. start >> run

Accessibility Controls- access.cpl

Add Hardware Wizard- hdwwiz.cpl

Add/Remove Programs- appwiz.cpl

Administrative Tools- control admintools

Automatic Updates- wuaucpl.cpl

Bluetooth Transfer Wizard- fsquirt

Calculator- calc

Certificate Manager- certmgr.msc

Character Map- charmap

Check Disk Utility- chkdskHello,

Accessibility Controls- access.cpl

Add Hardware Wizard- hdwwiz.cpl

Add/Remove Programs- appwiz.cpl

Administrative Tools- control admintools

Automatic Updates- wuaucpl.cpl

Bluetooth Transfer Wizard- fsquirt

Calculator- calc

Certificate Manager- certmgr.msc

Character Map- charmap

Check Disk Utility- chkdsk

Clipboard Viewer- clipbrd

Command Prompt- cmd

Component Services- dcomcnfg

Computer Management- compmgmt.msc

timedate.cpl- ddeshare

Device Manager- devmgmt.msc

Direct X Control Panel (If Installed)*- directx.cpl

Direct X Troubleshooter- dxdiag

Disk Cleanup Utility- cleanmgr

Disk Defragment- dfrg.msc

Disk Management- diskmgmt.msc

Disk Partition Manager- diskpart

Display Properties- control desktop

Display Properties- desk.cpl

Display Properties (w/Appearance Tab Preselected)- control color

Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility- drwtsn32

Driver Verifier Utility- verifier

Event Viewer- eventvwr.msc

File Signature Verification Tool- sigverif

Findfast- findfast.cpl

Folders Properties- control folders

Fonts- control fonts

Fonts Folder- fonts

Free Cell Card Game- freecell

Game Controllers- joy.cpl

Group Policy Editor (XP Prof)- gpedit.msc

Hearts Card Game- mshearts

Iexpress Wizard- iexpress

Indexing Service- ciadv.msc

Internet Properties- inetcpl.cpl

Accessibility Controls- access.cpl

Add Hardware Wizard- hdwwiz.cpl

Add/Remove Programs- appwiz.cpl

Administrative Tools- control admintools

Automatic Updates- wuaucpl.cpl

Bluetooth Transfer Wizard- fsquirt

Calculator- calc

Certificate Manager- certmgr.msc

Character Map- charmap

Check Disk Utility- chkdskHello,

Accessibility Controls- access.cpl

Add Hardware Wizard- hdwwiz.cpl

Add/Remove Programs- appwiz.cpl

Administrative Tools- control admintools

Automatic Updates- wuaucpl.cpl

Bluetooth Transfer Wizard- fsquirt

Calculator- calc

Certificate Manager- certmgr.msc

Character Map- charmap

Check Disk Utility- chkdsk

Clipboard Viewer- clipbrd

Command Prompt- cmd

Component Services- dcomcnfg

Computer Management- compmgmt.msc

timedate.cpl- ddeshare

Device Manager- devmgmt.msc

Direct X Control Panel (If Installed)*- directx.cpl

Direct X Troubleshooter- dxdiag

Disk Cleanup Utility- cleanmgr

Disk Defragment- dfrg.msc

Disk Management- diskmgmt.msc

Disk Partition Manager-